During John's combat experience, the two primary stress hormones involved in his body's response were epinephrine, providing immediate energy in face of stress, and cortisol, for the long-term stress response, but with potential negative health impacts if sustained.
The two stress hormones at play during John's combat experiences in Afghanistan are epinephrine and cortisol. Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is released by the adrenal medulla and provides a quick burst of energy by increasing blood glucose levels and oxygen availability to essential organs. It is a part of the 'flight-or-fight' response to immediate stressors.
Cortisol, on the other hand, is a glucocorticoid released as part of the long-term stress response, playing a crucial role in mobilizing energy by breaking down fat and affecting glucose metabolism. While both hormones prepare the body for rapid and sustained action in the face of stress, high levels of cortisol over prolonged periods can have detrimental effects on health, including weakening the immune system.