Final answer:
The amount of stress that people experience across the adult lifespan varies unpredictably and is affected by factors such as gender, employment status, education, and economic climate. Stress comes in chronic and acute forms, with the potential to affect performance and health. Studies have shown a general increase in stress levels over a 25-year period.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question regarding how stress levels change across the adult lifespan essentially explores the prevalence of stress and its variation among different groups. Based on the data from the national surveys depicted in Figures 14.5 and 14.6, it can be concluded that the amount of stress that people experience varies unpredictably across different demographic groups and time periods, though a general increase is noted over the span of a quarter-century.
In the studies referenced (Cohen & Janicki-Deverts, 2012), specific factors such as gender, employment status, education, and the economic climate influence stress levels. Women consistently reported higher levels of stress than men, and unemployment, lower education, and lower income correlated with higher stress levels. The 2008-2009 economic downturn notably increased stress among certain groups like college-educated men and those with full-time employment, pointing to the impact of acute economic stressors and the perception of a shrinking timeframe to recover financially.
Stress can be both chronic and acute, arises from various origins, and its effects can be managed to some extent. The individual's experience of stress can move between positive (eustress) and negative (distress) states, affecting their performance and health. Therefore, understanding the complexities of stress and its multifaceted nature is essential for grasping its impact on individuals throughout their lives.