Final answer:
Biotechnology encompasses techniques such as gene cloning and PCR that are used to change the genetic makeup of living things for various purposes. Examples of biotech applications include GMO foods, gene therapy, bacterial transformation, and gel electrophoresis. Each technique has its own unique role and significance within the field of biotechnology.
Step-by-step explanation:
Biotechnology is the use of technology to change the genetic makeup of living things for human purposes. It encompasses various techniques such as gene cloning and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Gene cloning involves isolating and making copies of a DNA segment, while PCR allows for the amplification of a gene or other DNA segment.
GMO foods are an example of biotechnology, where the genetic makeup of crops is modified to have desirable traits such as increased yield or resistance to pests. Gene therapy is another example, where genes are introduced into a patient's cells to treat or cure genetic diseases. Bacterial transformation involves altering the genes of bacteria to produce useful products such as insulin. Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate DNA fragments based on size. And PCR recombinant technology is a method used to amplify specific DNA sequences.
Overall, biotechnology has a wide range of applications in medicine and agriculture, and it raises ethical, legal, and social concerns.