Final answer:
Restructuring is the process of altering the organizational structure of a company, often associated with mergers and layoffs, reflecting changes in the capitalist economy.
Step-by-step explanation:
The act of reorganizing the legal, ownership, operational, or other structures of an organization is known as restructuring. This term often surfaces during high-stakes mergers and acquisitions and can imply various changes within a company. Although restructuring can indicate a positive shift towards better efficiency and competitiveness, it frequently conveys negative consequences, such as job losses. In some instances, restructuring might involve closing domestic factories to relocate to countries with lower operating costs or replacing full-time employees with lower-wage hourly workers to reduce expenses.
These changes are part of the dynamics in capitalism, which is an economic system where the means of production are privately owned and operated for profit. Formal organizations involved in capitalism usually feature a clear hierarchy of authority, defined roles, explicit rules, and aim for impersonality in the work environment.
Answer: b) Restructuring