Final answer:
A proactive solution to prevent the explosive growth phase includes Protective cooling which is the application of water to ceilings and walls to help quench and cool moving smoke. D) Protective cooling
Step-by-step explanation:
Protective cooling, denoted by option D, involves the application of water to ceilings and walls to quench and cool moving smoke. This proactive solution is crucial for preventing the explosive growth phase in fire situations. The process significantly reduces the temperature of the smoke, mitigating the risk of ignition and the rapid spread of fire.
In protective cooling, the principle is to absorb the heat energy from the smoke through the phase change of water from liquid to vapor. The heat absorbed during this process helps cool the smoke, preventing it from reaching the critical temperature required for combustion. This method is especially effective in confined spaces, where the cooling effect is intensified due to the reduced volume.
The application of protective cooling can be expressed mathematically using the latent heat of vaporization (Lᵥ) formula: Q = mLᵥ, where Q is the heat absorbed, m is the mass of water applied, and Lᵥ is the latent heat of vaporization. By quantifying the heat absorption, engineers can determine the amount of water needed to effectively cool the smoke and prevent the fire from entering a dangerous explosive phase. This approach is a critical component of fire safety strategies in various settings, emphasizing the importance of proactive measures to enhance overall building and occupant safety. D) Protective cooling