Final answer:
The assertion that Ronald Dworkin promotes admission policies based primarily on merit and virtue is false. Dworkin's perspective actually aligns with luck egalitarianism that indicates although starting with equal resources, individuals should accept the outcomes of their choices, rather than policies strictly rewarding merit and virtue.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that Ronald Dworkin argues admission policies should mainly be about rewarding merit and virtue is false. Dworkin, associated with luck egalitarianism, indeed discusses ambitions and endowments in his work; however, he emphasizes that people should live with the consequences of their choices starting from an equal resource base.
On the matter of affirmative action, Dworkin's take is not that merit should be the only consideration. Affirmative action critics, who focus on meritocracy, argue against admission or employment policies that give preference based on race, ethnicity, or gender, rather than individual performance and achievements. Conversely, supporters of affirmative action like James Rachels and Judith Jarvis Thomson suggest that such policies may help rectify historical injustices and promote overall fairness in admissions and hiring.