Final answer:
Pojman's argument against cultural differences as evidence that all ways of life are morally valid is false. He critiques the failures of Normative Ethical Relativism and acknowledges the possibility of common ethical principles, while recognizing cultural diversity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that Pojman argues cultural differences demonstrate that all ways of life are equally valid from a moral perspective is false. Louis Pojman critically analyzes the theory of Normative Ethical Relativism, which suggests that there are no universal ethical standards, and a culture's beliefs are always correct within its own context. However, he contends that such a theory fails to account for moral reforms initiated by minority views within a society. He instead suggests that there may be common fundamental ethical principles shared among cultures, despite their differences. Moreover, philosophers like Nussbaum argue for reasonable pluralism, acknowledging cultural differences but advocating for a universal account of justice to address issues such as gender inequality.
Cultural relativism acknowledges the diversity of cultural practices and beliefs, but some argue that acknowledging such differences does not equate to endorsing all of them as morally valid. Additionally, the idea that sociocultural change and conflicts within cultures indicate that there is not always a homogeneous set of beliefs followed by all members of the society.
Normative Ethical Relativism also faces criticism for running contrary to our shared human experiences, where certain acts are deemed unequivocally wrong, suggesting there are indeed some moral absolutes.