Final answer:
Frederick W. Taylor and Lillian Gilbreth are the two main pioneers of Scientific Management, with Taylor's time and motion studies aimed at industrial efficiency and Gilbreth's work extending to efficiency in work and domestic environments.
Step-by-step explanation:
The two main pioneers of Scientific Management were Frederick W. Taylor and Lillian Gilbreth. Frederick W. Taylor, an influential mechanical engineer, introduced his principles of scientific management in his seminal 1911 work, The Principles of Scientific Management. In it, Taylor contended that through time and motion studies, unnecessary steps and inefficient motions could be eliminated, thereby improving industrial efficiency. His target was to benefit both the employer and the employees by maximizing productivity, which in turn could lead to higher wages.
Lillian Gilbreth, alongside her husband Frank, contributed to the field by focusing on reducing the number of motions needed to complete tasks, applying time and motion studies not only to industry but also to domestic and office environments. In her 1914 publication, The Psychology of Management, known as the mother of modern management, Gilbreth addressed worker efficiency, fatigue, and satisfaction. Her practical innovations, such as adding shelves to refrigerator doors and inventing the foot-operated trash can lid, reflect her commitment to efficiency and ergonomics.