Final answer:
Total Quality Management (TQM) requires four key components including customer focus, employee involvement, process improvement, and data-driven decision making.
Step-by-step explanation:
Total Quality Management (TQM) is a management approach that focuses on continuously improving the quality of products and services. In order to ensure TQM, there are four components that need to be considered:
- Customer focus: This component emphasizes understanding and meeting customer needs and expectations. It involves collecting feedback, conducting market research, and implementing strategies to enhance customer satisfaction.
- Employee involvement: TQM encourages the active involvement of employees at all levels. By empowering employees, providing training, and promoting teamwork, organizations can foster a culture of continuous improvement.
- Process improvement: TQM emphasizes the need to continually analyze and improve processes. By identifying inefficiencies or problems in processes and implementing changes, organizations can enhance overall quality and efficiency.
- Data-driven decision making: TQM advocates for making decisions based on data and facts rather than assumptions. Organizations should collect and analyze data to identify areas for improvement and make informed decisions.