Final answer:
In the ovaries, follicle cells nurture oocytes and produce hormones, such as estrogen and inhibin. Post-ovulation, they transform into the corpus luteum, which secretes estrogen and progesterone important for the menstrual cycle and pregnancy support. These cycles are influenced by FSH and LH, and play essential roles in female reproductive health.
Step-by-step explanation:
Roles of Follicle Cells and the Corpus Luteum in the Ovarian Cycle
The ovaries are critical components of the internal female reproductive systems, and they perform essential functions in the ovarian cycle and the regulation of hormones. Each ovary contains follicles that encapsulate oocytes, which are the female gametes. The follicle cells that surround each oocyte nourish and protect it, and also produce hormones such as estrogen and inhibin. During the menstrual cycle, follicles develop under the influence of the hormone FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone), preparing the eggs for ovulation.
At ovulation, triggered by a surge in LH (luteinizing hormone), a dominant follicle ruptures to release an egg. Post-ovulation, the remaining follicle cells transform into the corpus luteum, which secretes estrogen and progesterone, crucial for maintaining the uterine lining and supporting pregnancy. In the absence of fertilization, the corpus luteum degrades, leading to a decrease in these hormone levels, which then triggers the start of menstruation.
The menstrual cycle works in tandem with the ovarian cycle, preparing the uterus for potential pregnancy via the regulation and maintenance of the uterine lining. Hormones produced by the ovaries, notably estrogen and progesterone, play vital roles in the regulation of the menstrual cycle, the development of secondary sex characteristics in females, and the maintenance of pregnancy.