Final answer:
During interphase, chromatin is semi-condensed, allowing DNA replication in the S phase. In G2, preparations for mitosis occur. In the mitotic phase, distinct chromosomes are formed, which then separate into daughter cells at the end of cytokinesis.
Step-by-step explanation:
The structure and behavior of chromatin and chromosomes vary throughout the cell cycle's different stages. During interphase, which includes the G1 phase, S phase, and G2 phase, chromatin remains in a semi-condensed state. This allows for the essential process of DNA replication during the S phase, where DNA forms identical sister chromatids attached at the centromere.
As the cell transitions from G2 to mitosis, the chromatin condenses further, and the chromosomes become more distinct. During prophase through anaphase, the chromosomes are highly condensed and visible as the cell undergoes division. Finally, in telophase and cytokinesis, the chromosomes de-condense and two daughter cells are formed, each with a complete set of chromosomes.
The dynamic changes in chromatin structure are crucial for the accurate and controlled division of genetic material during the cell cycle. Proteins like cohesin and tubulin play a significant role in maintaining chromosome structure and facilitating cell division.