Final answer:
Genetic information in DNA is encoded in the base sequence. This sequence adheres to the base pairing rules where A pairs with T and C pairs with G. These specific interactions enable accurate DNA replication and transfer of genetic information.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to Watson and Crick's model, genetic information is encoded in DNA in the base sequence. The base sequence refers to the order of the four nucleotide bases represented by the symbols A (adenine), C (cytosine), G (guanine), and T (thymine). This sequence is crucial because it specifies the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all living organisms. In their DNA model, Watson and Crick discovered that these nucleotides pair in a very specific way: A with T and C with G, forming base pairs that are held together by hydrogen bonds. These base pairing rules help in preserving the genetic information during cell division, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an accurate copy of DNA.
The understanding of DNA base pairing was greatly enhanced by Chargaff's rules, which stated that the amount of A is always equal to T, and the amount of G is always equal to C in a DNA molecule. The complementary nature of the base pairs is a key feature of the DNA structure because it allows for DNA replication, where each strand serves as a template for creating a new complementary strand.