Final answer:
A chromosome duplication where the duplicated region is not adjacent to the original is called a translocation duplication. This kind of chromosomal mutation can lead to a range of effects, from harmless to serious, depending on gene positions relative to regulatory sequences.
Step-by-step explanation:
A chromosome duplication in which the duplicated region is located some distance from the original segment is called a translocation duplication. This occurs when a segment of DNA is repeated on a different, nonhomologous chromosome.
These chromosomal mutations can have various effects, ranging from benign to severe, depending on how the positions of genes are altered with respect to regulatory sequences. Notably, specific translocations have been associated with diseases such as several cancers and schizophrenia.