Final answer:
Genetic markers are variable genes or DNA sequences with observable differences in alleles used for genetic mapping. They help track traits' inheritance and differentiate between individuals' genomes within a species. Markers can range from single nucleotide polymorphisms to variable length sequences.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student is asking about a term used to describe variables in the genome of organisms that can be used for genetic mapping or identification of alleles associated with certain traits. The correct term for variable genes or DNA sequences with easily observable allelic differences is "genetic markers". Genetic markers are crucial in the field of population genetics and the creation of genetic maps. They are instrumental for scientists who analyze the little variations in the DNA sequence that give rise to the diversity observed within a species.
Genetic markers are typically regions on a chromosome that exhibit variability or polymorphism, allowing researchers to track the inheritance of traits and differentiate between individuals within a population. These differences can be as subtle as a single nucleotide (SNP) or can involve variations in the length of certain non-coding DNA sequences such as VNTRs or microsatellite polymorphisms.