Final answer:
Direct-to-consumer genetic tests are of concern due to interpretation complexities which require professional genetic counseling. These tests provide personal genetic information with potential ethical implications, addressed by laws like GINA to protect against discrimination.
Step-by-step explanation:
Direct-to-consumer genetic tests have raised concerns among public health officials primarily because the results may be difficult to interpret without the involvement of appropriate genetic counseling. These tests can inform individuals about their ancestry or genotype, but without professional guidance, people may misinterpret the health implications. Genetic testing, including for diseases like breast cancer or cystic fibrosis, generally requires professional interpretation to understand the significance of being a carrier or having a predisposition to a genetic disorder. Genetic counselors play a crucial role in educating individuals about test results and potential next steps. Moreover, genetic tests have wider applications such as identifying pathogens, contributing to new vaccine development, and aiding in cancer therapy.
It is worth noting that modern advancements in genomics now allow individuals to submit samples for a personal genetic profile, revealing traits like ancestry and disease carrier status. As these services become more affordable and extensive, ethical concerns arise regarding the use and potential misuse of this data, as covered by laws such as the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 (GINA), which aims to protect individuals from genetic discrimination.