Final answer:
The correct answer is 'e)influenced'. Sex-influenced characteristics are traits encoded by autosomal genes that are expressed differently depending on the sex of the individual.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sex- influenced characteristics are encoded by autosomal genes that are expressed differently in males and females. Sex-limited genes are responsible for certain traits that are present in both sexes but are only expressed in one sex, leading to sexual dimorphism.
For example, in elephant seals, such genes cause males to grow large and prepare for fighting, while instructing females to grow smaller and avoid fights.
Therefore, the correct option is e.