Final answer:
Sarcopenia is the age-related gradual decrease in skeletal muscle mass, often mistaken for conditions like excess growth hormone or decreased bone density, but actually an outcome of natural aging. Exercise can delay its effects by adding structural proteins and cellular changes. Staying active is crucial to mitigate sarcopenia's impact on quality of life.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sarcopenia refers to the gradual decrease in the ability to maintain skeletal muscle mass that occurs in later adulthood. It is a normal aspect of aging and not a disease state. A primary factor contributing to sarcopenia is aging, during which there is a reduction in the satellite cells which help to regenerate skeletal muscle fibers, as well as a potential decrease in sensitivity to growth factors that are necessary to maintain muscle mass.
Exercise can delay the effects of sarcopenia by adding structural proteins and causing cellular changes that can offset the effects of atrophy. Increased exercise enhances the production of cellular mitochondria, increases capillary density, and bolsters the mass and strength of connective tissue. Nevertheless, sarcopenia-related atrophy can result in reduced muscle strength, impaired locomotion, balance, and posture, leading to a diminished quality of life and increased risk for injuries and medical problems like joint issues.
Moreover, sarcopenia is often mistakenly associated with conditions such as excess growth hormone, decreased cytokine activity, decreased bone density (osteoporosis), or decreased total body fat, none of which are directly responsible for this condition. Instead, it is an outcome of the body's natural aging process. To maintain muscle mass and function as much as possible, regular physical activity is strongly advised.