Final answer:
Lead-based paint, groundwater contamination, and asbestos are all considered physical stigmas for a property, as they may negatively affect the property's value and pose health risks.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the options given, lead-based paint, groundwater contamination, and asbestos are considered physical stigmas for a property. Physical stigmas refer to physical or material conditions that may negatively affect the value of a property or pose health risks to occupants. Lead-based paint, which was commonly used in homes before the U.S. government officially banned it in housing in 1978, is known to deteriorate and produce harmful dust when disturbed. Similarly, groundwater contamination can result from various sources, including industrial practices or accidental spills, leading to potential health hazards and degradation of property value. Asbestos, widely used in buildings for insulation and fireproofing until its adverse health effects were recognized, can also be a serious concern during renovations or demolitions. All these issues are significant because they can lead to serious health problems or even necessitate evacuation. Moreover, they can contribute to environmental racism, as people of color disproportionately live in environmentally hazardous areas.