Final answer:
The correct answer is 'b) Shall.' In legal contexts, 'shall' denotes a mandated action and is the proper choice to indicate requirements for the employee substance use testing process, including the opportunity to disclose legal medications.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the context of employees being tested for substance use, the informed consent and information disclosure process is crucial for ethical and legal compliance. The word 'shall' holds a stronger, more obligatory tone than 'should,' indicating a mandate rather than a suggestion. The term 'may' implies that it is optional, and 'must' suggests a requirement, but without the formal legislative weight that 'shall' carries. Therefore, in legal and regulatory contexts, 'shall' is generally the correct choice to indicate a procedure that is legally required.
For example, consider a research study where the new medication's efficacy is tested. If participants are told about the promising nature of the medication without being informed that some will receive a placebo, this could be a violation of informed consent. Informed consent involves participants being fully aware of all aspects of the study, including whether they might receive a placebo, before agreeing to take part. This ensures that their decision to participate is made freely and with all necessary information.