Final answer:
Supportive interventions, rather than punitive measures, are necessary when substance abuse is a concern, involving recovery services, medical supervision, and access to medications like Naloxone.
Step-by-step explanation:
When substance abuse cannot be rolled out or is a concern, especially in contexts such as parental substance abuse and during pregnancy, it is crucial to focus on interventions that are supportive rather than punitive. Rather than resorting to arrest and incarceration, which have shown disastrous results in the past, emphasis should be on providing recovery services, employing medical supervision for drug withdrawal, and increasing access to overdose-reversal medications like Naloxone. Furthermore, treatment programs and large-scale public health campaigns aimed at combating drug addiction, characterized by compulsive use of a substance despite harmful consequences, are critical steps towards addressing substance abuse in a more effective and humane way.