Final answer:
A decoder, also known as a demultiplexer, is a circuit that takes several inputs and selects a specific output line based on the input value. An important application of decoders is in memory systems.
Step-by-step explanation:
The circuit that takes several inputs and their respective values to select one specific output line (n*1) is called a decoder or a demultiplexer. A decoder takes a binary-coded input and activates a specific output line based on the input value.
An important application of decoders is in memory systems, such as random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). In these systems, decoders are used to select specific memory locations based on the input address lines.