Final answer:
AIDS, caused by HIV, leads to cellular immune dysfunction by destroying helper T cells, leaving the body vulnerable to opportunistic infections and cancers. Immunodeficiency can be either inherited or acquired through factors such as malnutrition and exposure to certain chemicals or medical treatments.
Step-by-step explanation:
The disorder that results in cellular immune dysfunction is AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). AIDS is a condition caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which attacks and destroys the immune system's helper T cells. This leads to a weakened immune system and an increased vulnerability to opportunistic infections and certain types of cancers such as Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Patients diagnosed with AIDS have a significant drop in CD4 T-cell count below 200 cells/μL or develop specific opportunistic illnesses, resulting in a severely damaged immune system.
Immunodeficiency is characterized by a failure, insufficiency, or delay in the immune response, which can be either inherited or acquired. For example, conditions like malnutrition, certain infections, and exposure to chemicals, including medical treatments like chemotherapy or radiation therapy, can lead to acquired immunodeficiency. HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, is the most common cause of immunodeficiency worldwide and is transmitted through body fluids or mucous membranes.