Final answer:
Long bones, like those in the limbs, are characterized by a central shaft and rounded ends, house bone marrow, and function as levers. Short bones, such as those in the wrists and ankles, are cube-shaped and provide stability. Flat bones protect internal organs, while irregular bones have complex shapes for specific functions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Gross Anatomy of Bones
The gross anatomy of long bones reveals that they are characterized by a central shaft, known as the diaphysis, and rounded ends called the epiphyses. The diaphysis houses the medullary cavity filled with yellow marrow and is made up of dense, hard compact bone. The epiphyses are filled with red bone marrow, which is crucial for blood cell production, and have a layer of articular cartilage. Long bones are found in arms, legs, fingers, and toes, and function as levers, allowing for movement when muscles contract.
Short bones, such as the carpals of the wrists and the tarsals of the ankles, are cube-like in shape and provide stability, support, and some limited motion. Irregular bones, like the vertebrae, have complex shapes and are adapted to specific functions. Flat bones, such as the skull, ribs, and sternum, protect internal organs and often offer a broad surface for muscle attachment.
It's important to note that the examples given in the question need some correction. Short bones are not typically found in the skull; instead, they are found in the wrists and ankles. Moreover, flat bones are not found in the arms and legs; those are usually locations for long bones.