Final answer:
Chinese mathematicians are credited with inventing the abacus, an ancient tool used for arithmetic operations. However, they did not discover calculus or develop algebra, and while they did invent the compass, it is not a mathematical accomplishment.
Step-by-step explanation:
Chinese mathematicians made several important contributions to mathematics, but not all the options provided in the question are attributed to them. Inventing the abacus is one of their notable accomplishments. The abacus, a calculating tool that has been in use since ancient times, significantly aided in performing arithmetic operations and contributed to commerce and trade.
However, while discovering calculus was a major milestone in mathematics, it was the work of European mathematicians, Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. Similarly, developing algebra was largely due to Persian and Arabic scholars, such as Al-Khwarizmi. The invention of the compass, which is more related to navigation and exploration, is indeed attributed to ancient China and significantly impacted maritime navigation.
Given the options provided, the correct option in the final answer for the accomplishments achieved by Chinese mathematicians from the choices given would be a) Inventing the abacus.