Final answer:
Mathematics in Europe from the 4th to the 12th Century was flourishing and widely taught, with advancements influenced by Greek and Islamic knowledge.
Step-by-step explanation:
During the 4th to the 12th century in Europe, mathematics went through various developments and changes. It was not nonexistent during this period but rather flourished and was widely taught. The introduction of Aristotelian logic into theology and the establishment of cathedral schools and later universities contributed to the growth of mathematical knowledge. Additionally, the Greek and Islamic influence on Europe led to advancements such as the replacement of Roman numerals with the decimal positional number system and the invention of algebra.