Final answer:
ORC and Parquet are the two column-based data encoding formats out of the options provided. They offer efficient storage and fast processing for columnar data within Hadoop ecosystems. Avro and JSON are row-based and text-based formats, respectively.
Step-by-step explanation:
The two column-based data encoding formats from the options listed are A. ORC (Optimized Row Columnar) and C. Parquet.
Both of these formats are particularly designed for efficient columnar data storage and query performance. ORC and Parquet formats are used within Hadoop-based data ecosystems and are known for their improved compression and encoding schemes which significantly reduce the storage space and increase the processing speed. On the other hand, B.
Avro is a row-based format and D. JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a text-based format that is neither specifically row-based nor column-based, but is often used for its simplicity and versatility in data interchange on the web.