Final answer:
In HDFS, the DataNode component manages the storage attached to the nodes, storing and retrieving data blocks, while the NameNode manages the file system's namespace.
Step-by-step explanation:
The component of the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) architecture that manages the storage attached to the nodes is A) DataNode. The data within an HDFS cluster is distributed across different nodes, where each node runs a DataNode service responsible for storing and retrieving the data blocks. The NameNode is another crucial component, but it serves a different function: it manages the file system's namespace and controls access to files by clients. In contrast, the ResourceManager and NodeManager are part of the YARN framework, which manages computing resources and job scheduling, and are not directly involved in HDFS storage management.