Final answer:
The data encoding format described is Avro, which is compact, binary, and supports interoperability with multiple programming languages and schema evolution.
Step-by-step explanation:
The data encoding format that is a compact, binary format and supports interoperability with multiple programming languages and versioning is Avro. Avro is designed to support the serialization of data, which means it can convert data into a binary format for storage or transmission, and then be easily deserialized back into its original form. It offers advantages like schema evolution where new fields can be added to a data structure without breaking deployed programs that do not expect these fields. The other options, namely JSON, XML, and YAML, are text-based formats and do not inherently support binary serialization or schema evolution as effectively as Avro does.