Final answer:
The Epic of Gilgamesh, written around 2100 BC, is the oldest known work of literature, exploring profound themes like mortality, leadership, and human existence.
Step-by-step explanation:
The oldest example of literature is the Epic of Gilgamesh, written around 2100 BC. This ancient tale is one of the earliest examples of epic literature and serves as a significant piece in the study of human culture and ancient writings.
The Epic of Gilgamesh details the adventures and quests of Gilgamesh, a partly-divine king, and his companion Enkidu as they encounter monsters and confront existential themes such as human mortality, leadership, and friendship. The author of the Epic remains unknown, but it encapsulates a complex set of issues that are still relevant today. These themes include the human condition, the quest for immortality, and the philosophical concerns about life and death.
The story originates from Mesopotamia, an area known for its rich contributions to civilization, such as the invention of large settlements, organized religions, and new technologies. Gilgamesh's struggle with the idea of mortality and his quest for understanding reflect the anxieties faced by ancient societies and their attempts to make sense of the human experience in the face of inevitable death.