Final answer:
The belief in the post hoc fallacy is a false cause fallacy where a sequential occurrence is mistaken for a causal relationship, often reinforced by confirmation bias.
Step-by-step explanation:
Adam and Eve's belief in the logical fallacy called post hoc ergo propter hoc, which implies 'after this, therefore because of this', illustrates a common error in causal reasoning. This fallacy assumes that because one event follows another, the first event must be the cause of the second. A classic example of this fallacy is the superstition that wearing a particular sports team jersey causes the team to win because there is a noticeable pattern of wins when the jersey is worn. Their reasoning is flawed due to the presence of confirmation bias, where they remember only the wins associated with the jersey and disregard any losses that also occurred while wearing it.
The phrase 'correlation does not equal causation' encapsulates the criticism of this fallacious thinking. For instance, associating sunburns with wearing swimsuits fails to recognize that it's the exposure to the sun's UV rays while wearing a swimsuit that causes sunburn, not the swimsuit itself. To avoid the false cause fallacy, it's important to seek a legitimate cause-and-effect relationship rather than simply connecting events based on sequential occurrence.