Final answer:
Ancient city-states and empires used intimidation, or violent actions, to scare people into surrendering.
Step-by-step explanation:
The ancient city-states and empires used intimidation, or violent actions, to scare people into surrendering. The Neo-Assyrians, for example, had an army of more than 100,000 warriors who used calculated frightfulness to demonstrate the price of resistance. They inflicted various forms of torture on the conquered peoples to intimidate them into surrendering without a fight.