Final answer:
The novel Catch-22 by Joseph Heller exaggerates issues within military and political institutions, critiquing their irrationality and the self-perpetuating structures that lead to inefficiency and loss of individuality.
Step-by-step explanation:
The novel Catch-22 (1961) by Joseph Heller exaggerates the problems of institutions in military and politics. This satirical work addresses the absurdities and paradoxes of bureaucratic operations and the effects of war on individuals within those systems. Heller's novel is often viewed as a critique of the military-industrial complex and the irrationality of war. It portrays a range of flawed political and military institutions, highlighting themes of power, control, and the loss of individuality. The narrative demonstrates how institutional processes can become circular and self-serving, often at the expense of common sense and human life.
The context provided in the question also touches on a broader global political concept related to political institutions, the idea of a security dilemma, which can lead to global instability and how realist perspectives in the international community contribute to the mentality of states as lone actors. The solution to address the problems with political systems includes a collective effort to choose leaders for the good of the people and the importance of education regarding civil institutions and the media.