Final answer:
The Epic of Gilgamesh, dating back to around 2100 BCE, is an ancient Mesopotamian work that explores the human condition but is not primarily known as a satirical critique of religion.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Epic of Gilgamesh is one of the earliest known works of literary writing. Emerging from ancient Mesopotamia around 2100 BCE, this work has been seen not only as an epic but also as exploring elements addressing the human condition, such as the nature of good leadership, the nuances of friendship, the confrontation with mortality, and the quest for immortality.
While the epic does delve into these philosophical concerns and reflects upon human mortality and the seeming unfairness of fate, it is not especially known for being a critique or satire of Mesopotamian religion. In fact, the reference to satire in literature as a distinct form is more explicitly discussed after the time of Homer, which is much later than the composition date of the Epic of Gilgamesh.