Final answer:
Magnetic particle testing (MPT) or magnetic particle inspection (MPI) is an examination method using a strong magnetizing current and a finely divided powder to detect surface or near-surface discontinuities in materials.
Step-by-step explanation:
The examination method that uses a strong magnetizing current and a finely divided powder to detect defects is known as magnetic particle testing (MPT) or magnetic particle inspection (MPI). During this process, the item being inspected is magnetized either directly or indirectly. Finely divided iron or ferromagnetic particles, either dry or suspended in a liquid, are then applied to the surface of the item. Any surface or near-surface discontinuities in the material will cause a leakage in the magnetic field, which in turn attracts the particles to this area, highlighting the defect. This method is widely used in the aerospace and automotive industries to ensure the integrity of components without causing damage.