Final answer:
The Parthenon was built on the Athenian Acropolis as a temple dedicated to Athena, made by architects Iktinos and Kallikrates with a statue by Pheidias.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to your question is A) Parthenon. The Parthenon is a significant historical structure built on the Athenian Acropolis specifically as a temple dedicated to the goddess Athena. Constructed between 447 and 438 BCE at the peak of the Athenian Empire's power, the Parthenon was erected as part of a grand building program initiated by the statesman Pericles. Renowned architects Iktinos and Kallikrates planned the temple, while the grand statue of Athena that stood within was crafted by the celebrated sculptor Pheidias.