Final answer:
Jade Mountain, or Yu Shan, is the highest peak along the Tropic of Cancer and is located in Taiwan, making Option A) Taiwan the correct answer for the student's question.
Step-by-step explanation:
The island republic where Jade Mountain, the highest point along the Tropic of Cancer, can be found is Taiwan (Option A). This geographic feature is also known as Yu Shan in Taiwan and stands as a proud symbol of the island's diverse topography. The Tropic of Cancer, located at 23.5 degrees north of the equator, is the latitude where the Sun is directly overhead during the Northern Hemisphere's summer solstice, and Jade Mountain is situated along this line. While other countries and islands such as the Philippines and Japan have significant topographical features and are located within the tropics, it is Taiwan that boasts the highest peak along the Tropic of Cancer.