Final answer:
Pope Benedict XVI visited New York City in 2008, where he attended events at the United Nations and a synagogue, showcasing the diplomatic and interfaith roles of the papacy.
Step-by-step explanation:
The pope who visited New York City in 2008, attending events at the United Nations and a synagogue, was Pope Benedict XVI. His visit to the United States included a number of significant stops, reflecting efforts to address international issues and improve interfaith relations. This visit was a part of his broader efforts during his papacy to engage with various religious and global communities.
In contrast, Pope John Paul II was known for his role in the global political stage during the late 20th century, particularly in relation to the Cold War dynamics, while Pope Francis, who succeeded Benedict XVI, is recognized for his ongoing efforts in advocating for social justice and environmental protection. Pope John XXIII, although much earlier, was significant for his role in the Vatican II reforms. In this historical context, Pope Benedict XVI's 2008 visit to New York serves as a powerful example of the ongoing diplomatic and interfaith roles that the papacy plays in the modern world.