Final answer:
The Temple of Ramses III is associated with the New Kingdom of Egypt, a period from the 16th to the 11th century BCE marked by prosperity and architectural grandeur.
Step-by-step explanation:
The ancient kingdom associated with the Temple of Ramses III is the New Kingdom of Egypt. The New Kingdom, known for its architectural achievements and military expansions, is the period between the 16th century and the 11th century BCE, encompassing the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth Dynasties of Egypt.
Ramses III was one of the pharaohs of this period, and his temple at Medinet Habu is a testament to the empire's opulence and power. This was a time when Egypt was the Mediterranean superpower, extending its reach and showcasing its wealth through grand constructions.
The Temple of Ramses III is associated with a time of prosperity and architectural grandeur in Egyptian history, significantly different from the kingdoms of Mesopotamia, the Mayan civilization, or the Roman Empire, which were separate entities with their distinct historical timelines and achievements.