Final answer:
The relief with Assurbanipal and his queen was created by the Assyrian civilization, known for its rich artwork and architectural achievements in palaces during the period from 883 to 612 BCE.
Step-by-step explanation:
The ancient civilization responsible for creating the relief with Assurbanipal and his queen in his Palace at Nineveh is the Assyrians. The Assyrian empire, which lasted from 883 to 612 BCE, was known for its advancements in art, military prowess, and architecture. The palaces of powerful Assyrian kings like Ashurnasirpal II, Sargon II, and Ashurbanipal were elaborately decorated with narrative reliefs made of local gypsum, showcasing stories of warfare, hunts, and magical protective figures of gods. These remarkable artworks were carved with fine detail and initially painted with vibrant colors.
Nineveh, which was the Assyrian empire's capital, became exemplary of Assyrian architectural and artistic achievements under King Sennacherib. Monuments such as the 'palace without a rival' featured stone carvings and sculptures lining the walls with scenes of battle, hunts, and celebrations of victories. The grandeur of Nineveh, however, was short-lived, as civil wars followed by attacks from the Babylonians and Medes led to its destruction in 612 BCE.
The Babylonian empire, led by Nabopolassar and Nebuchadnezzar II, eventually overtook much of the Assyrian empire. Despite the uneasy relationship between the Babylonians and the Assyrians, the influence of Assyrian art and architecture remained significant throughout the Ancient Near East, influencing subsequent empires and cultures.