Final answer:
Failure to use the required level of care to avoid harming others or property is termed Negligence. Environmental justice refers to the equal sharing of Earth's resources, which is about fair and equal treatment in environmental law. International law is based on the principle of state sovereignty, meaning each state governs itself independently.
Step-by-step explanation:
Failure to use care that is required to protect another person or property from harm is known as Negligence. Negligence occurs when someone fails to take reasonable care to avoid causing injury or loss to another person. There are four key elements to a negligence claim: duty, breach of duty, causation, and damages. For example, if a careless hiker accidentally starts a wildfire that destroys hundreds of acres of forest (as mentioned in option D), this could be considered an act of negligence if they had a duty to follow fire safety rules and breached that duty by being careless.
The equal sharing of Earth's resources is specifically known as Environmental justice, as indicated by option A. Environmental justice is the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income concerning the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies.
When it comes to international law, it primarily rests on the principle of state sovereignty, which is stated in option A. The principle of state sovereignty holds that each state has the authority to govern itself without external interference. This principle is a fundamental aspect of international relations and international law.