Final answer:
In the diuresis phase of AKI, nurses should monitor patients for hypokalemia and dehydration, which are common complications due to the loss of potassium and fluids through increased urine excretion.
Step-by-step explanation:
The diuresis phase of acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by an increase in urine production as the kidneys begin to recover. During this phase, there is a risk of developing electrolyte imbalances due to the high volume of urine excretion. A nurse caring for a patient in this phase should monitor for signs of hypokalemia, which is a common complication due to the loss of potassium with the increased urine output. Hypokalemia can lead to several complications including muscle weakness, abnormal heart rhythms, and changes in nerve function. Additionally, the nurse should monitor for dehydration, as the excessive loss of fluids through urine can lead to a decrease in blood volume (hypovolemia), potentially causing symptoms such as low blood pressure and confusion.
Other complications to monitor for include hypocalcemia and acute flank pain; however, the most critical conditions that occur more frequently are hypokalemia and dehydration. Notably, dehydration can enhance the effects of hypokalemia and other electrolyte disturbances, so it is imperative for the nurse to closely observe the patient's fluid balance, electrolyte levels, and overall well-being.