Final answer:
IQ scores are used in educational decisions to identify students who may need additional support or who may be suited for gifted programs, ensuring a tailored educational approach. The case of Candace exemplifies how IQ testing can reveal previously unnoticed educational needs. Nevertheless, the use of IQ tests remains controversial due to debates about their validity and potential biases.
Step-by-step explanation:
IQ scores often enter into educational decisions because they are seen as a measure of cognitive abilities that can indicate a student's potential for academic success or the need for additional support. A significant deviation from the average IQ score might signal learning difficulties or extraordinary giftedness.
For instance, consider the case of Candace, a 14-year-old with an IQ score of 68, who struggled academically and socially. Her low IQ score suggested that she may need specialized educational assistance to succeed in a regular classroom. Without such testing, children like Candace might not receive the help they need, potentially hampering their educational development.
Moreover, students with an IQ score of 130 or higher may be considered for gifted programs. These assessments ensure educational systems adequately cater to the diverse needs of the student population, aiming for a tailored education that maximizes each student’s potential.
However, it's crucial to note the debate regarding the validity and biases of IQ tests, especially in their historical uses and their perceived injustices in perpetuating socioeconomic disparities. Modern applications strive to minimize biases and focus on varied competencies to better reflect an individual's diverse intelligences.