Final answer:
John Rawls proposed that a truly ethical decision can only be made from an 'original position' behind a 'veil of ignorance', ensuring decisions are unbiased and fair, forming the core of his Theory of Justice.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to John Rawls, only a person ignorant of his own identity can make a truly ethical decision. This thought process is based on the concept of the veil of ignorance. Rawls asserts that to establish a fair society, we should operate from an original position behind the veil of ignorance, where we are unaware of our own personal circumstances, such as our socio-economic status, race, or gender.
This ensures that policies and social structures designed are fair and unbiased, as individuals wouldn't create a society with injustices they themselves could suffer from. Rawls's Theory of Justice revolves around two primary principles: equality in the assignment of basic rights and duties, and that social and economic inequalities should be arranged to be of the most benefit to the least advantaged members of society.