Final answer:
Pragmatism is a philosophy emphasizing practical consequences and applications of ideas, distinguishing it from Realism, Idealism, and Existentialism by its focus on the practical effectiveness of beliefs.
Step-by-step explanation:
The philosophical -ism that stresses practical consequences is known as pragmatism. Pragmatism is a philosophy which sees the truth of beliefs and theories as based on their practical effects and applications. It is concerned with what works in practice, rather than what might be considered absolutely and objectively true in theory.
When considering philosophical movements like Realism, Idealism, and Existentialism, pragmatism stands out due to its focus on the consequences of thoughts and actions as a measure of their truth. Within pragmatism, thinkers such as William James and John Dewey argue that ideas must be tested through experience and that the function of thought is not just to mirror reality, but also to serve as a tool for solving problems and guiding action. This marks a clear departure from philosophical traditions that stress a fixed, unchanging universe or absolute ethical principles.