Final answer:
The main intent of the literacy test described in the passage was to prevent African Americans from exercising a basic right.
Step-by-step explanation:
The main intent of the literacy test described in the passage was to prevent African Americans from exercising a basic right. These tests were used as a method of disenfranchisement to keep black voters from the polls. The tests were often subjective and administered by white registrars, who would fail black applicants while approving illiterate whites.