Final answer:
Time elapsed (D) is not a factor in determining the rate of heat transfer between a liquid and the surface of a solid.
Step-by-step explanation:
The rate of heat transfer between a liquid and the surface of a solid depends on several factors, including the temperature difference, surface area, thermal conductivity of the liquid, and time elapsed. However, out of the given options, time elapsed (D) is NOT a factor in determining the rate of heat transfer. The other factors mentioned (temperature difference, surface area, and thermal conductivity) all play a role in the rate of heat transfer.