Final answer:
The costs incurred each time a company generates a set quantity of goods produced at one time are called fixed costs. As the quantity of output goes up, the average cost per unit goes down, leading to economies of scale.
Step-by-step explanation:
The costs incurred each time a company generates a set quantity of goods produced at one time are called fixed costs. These costs do not change with the quantity of output produced. As the quantity of output goes up, the average cost per unit goes down, leading to economies of scale.