Final answer:
Marxism, also known as communism, was created by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in the 19th century. They published The Communist Manifesto in 1848, outlining their vision of a classless society.
Step-by-step explanation:
Modern communism, also known as Marxism, was created by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in the 19th century. In 1848, they published The Communist Manifesto, which outlined their vision of a classless society where the means of production are owned by the community as a whole. Their ideas were based on the concept of class struggle and called for a revolution to overthrow the ruling class. While traces of communism can be found earlier in history, Marx and Engels are considered the founders of modern communism.