Final answer:
The term that describes someone who believes their perception is "objective, unbiased, unmediated, universal, and self-confirming" is b) Naïve realist.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that describes someone who believes their perception is "objective, unbiased, unmediated, universal, and self-confirming" is b) Naïve realist. Naïve realism is a philosophical view that the way we perceive the world reflects the world exactly as it is, without any interpretation or influence from our mental processes or biases. However, philosophers and cognitive scientists argue against naïve realism because we understand that our perceptions are indeed mediated by our sensory apparatus and the interpretations by our brain, which can be influenced by a myriad of factors including past experiences, expectations, and culture.
Different forms of realism, like moral realism and direct realism, recognize that while there might be objective truths or direct perceptions, our understanding and interpretation of these truths and perceptions can still be flawed or incomplete. Other perspectives, such as the theories of postmodernists or pragmatists like Rorty, deny the existence of objective truths altogether, positing that truth is a construction of societal consensus and power structures rather than an objective reality.