Final answer:
Blood flow limitations from areas of stenosis cause decreased flow in the arteries. Increased viscosity would decrease flow, not increase it. Venoconstriction can increase blood pressure, blood flow within veins, and return of blood to the heart. The correct option is c) Decreased flow in the arteries
Step-by-step explanation:
Blood flow limitations from areas of stenosis cause decreased flow in the arteries. Stenosis refers to the narrowing of blood vessels, which restricts blood flow. When an artery is narrowed due to stenosis, the ability of the blood to travel through it is reduced, leading to a decreased amount of blood reaching downstream tissues. This corresponds to option (c) in your question.
Contrary to the statement that 'Increased viscosity increases blood flow', increased viscosity actually makes it harder for blood to flow, thereby decreasing it. Also, it is important to understand that arteries carry blood away from the heart, and veins return blood to the heart.
Venoconstriction, which refers to the constriction of veins, indeed increases blood pressure within the vein, blood flow within the vein, and the return of blood to the heart as mentioned in part (d).
Part (d) shows that the velocity (speed) of blood flow decreases dramatically as the blood moves from arteries to arterioles to capillaries.
This slow flow rate allows more time for exchange processes to occur. As blood flows through the veins, the rate of velocity increases, as blood is returned to the heart.
The correct option is c) Decreased flow in the arteries